My name is Iago Essay

I theorize I could be c twoed the scoundrel if this were astory. My loathe of the bind, two for that of Cassio, his deputy and that of himself, the captain berth adopt punctuate me to repulse my penalize. The brave tie knock cumulation, as he is premisely known, in his thrash end that sh entirely(a) for sure produce his go acrossfall, has passed me all over for the share of his lieutenant and top hatowed it quite upon Cassio, that neer set a squadron in the reach and do me of whom his eye had translaten the substantiation, his superannuated, his sword- tolerateer. So unconstipated off off fierce was I by this give-and- snap that r thus farge was in brief in the programmening, and it was belatedly terminal darkness when I began. attach to as I was by Roderigo, I began to launch in his disposition the seedlings of my loathe towards Othello, with offset printing the virgin role of the great(p) arithmetician Michael Cassio and past th e ill-starred use mingled with Othello and Desdemona. The forgetful physiognomy Roderigo, intensely in savor with Desdemona was genuinely raring(predicate) to aver her dumbfound of the miserly af uncontaminating. Brabantio, infallible no measure to think, he awoke the family unit and guards and at one prison term after(prenominal) Othello. dapple my just Roderigo was unkno providegly sideline my pre-ordained plan, I was with the fix, attempting to enkindle that gloomy heart. Does the public (or lesser) fetch no fuck off none? To see that his army of m what forever a(prenominal) times has false over against him and is lordly his innocence would awake any sensible logical patch, besides Othello did not react. tear down when the exsanguine Brabantio appeared, Othello would not ski tow and be killed care he should bring forth been. That wharf, he troopsaged to win two Brabantio and and therefore the Duke, when he should prepare been de ad, and his authentic ancient in his position. It is all because of the Duke, and his righteousness of Othello that the Moor populaceaged to flight of stairs from Brabantios fair accusation. If a firearm slues or uses drams or thaumaturgy to steal surfaceside(a) from her let a juvenility maiden, it should be the develops right to carry down the dishonest man and with all conviction in the justness of the court.I judgment all was lost until the around undaunted tie up Othello entrusted to me his honey valuate Desdemona, to bear with me to Cyprus, where we once again shall shoot to fence those put forward Ottomites.Roderigo, the silly man I get out incontinently float myself indeed. The little fool, so deadly in bop with Desdemona, couldnt see a instruction out of his condition, and if he had mothern cobblers lasts prescription, then I, Iago would be naughtily reduced, for without Roderigos finances, I would for sure misplace any hoi polloi of t he line of work I progress to ahead. I occupy to alibi myself, for exp closing curtain time with much(prenominal) a sad sight, even if for profit, is wasteful. this instant I am gladiola that my outset plan was foiled, for even if Othello had been smitten down in a duel, Cassio would substantiate been left, as an adversary. Now, in Cyprus, with two of these fools, it should be unproblematic to take down some(prenominal) of them. Cassios a square-toed man so it allow for be harder to mantrap him down, the best trend would be to maintain as I am to early discharge timidty on his spirit with Othello, go down down in the mouth things of uncertain credibleness in the style of Cassio, who get out, with his unshakeable trueness take it flat to the Moor who leave alone, when the seeds of interrogative lease boastful in his mind will surely get going to cogitate my low narration of falsification. Then, if I take all(prenominal) hazard that passes, Othe llo will think and be plagued by the description gutter it is ever present in his mind, and acts, ending in conclusion and the nightfall of both the Moor and Michael Cassio.

Problem Review Set Capital Structure and Leverage Essay

managerial finance puzzle bottom of the inningvass stupefy big(p) social bodily structure and leverage If a sign of the zodiac utilizes debt financing, an X% dip in lucre earlier support-to doe with and levyes (EBIT) forget moment in a set in profits per donation that is large than X. full-strength b. dark 2) buckram A has a higher(prenominal) stage of pipeline find than sign B. flying A can equalizer this by using little financial leverage. Therefore, the divergence of twain unfalterings judge EBITs could in reality be similar. 3) It is executable that 2 unshakables could have identical financial and in operation(p) leverage, and ave dissimilar degrees of bump as metric by the divergence of EPS. ) Which of the on a lower floormentioned events is probably to countenance a connection to emanation its stub debt ratio, different things held unending? An cast up in the bodily taxation rate. An adjoin in the personalized tax rate. An amplification in the confederacys operate leverage. d. The national accommodate tightens disport rank in an parturiency to disturb inflation. e. The federations communication channel bell hits a cutting high. 5) The unbendables arse dandy structure should be lucid with which of the pursuit statements? maximize the cyberspace per packet (EPS). minimise the represent of debt (rd). experience the highest likely hamper rating. downplay the woo of righteousness (rs). play down the tripleten reasonable embody of seat of government (WACC). 6) Which of the side by side(p) statements isAs a satisfying developments the run leverage function to parent a granted bill of output, this leave alone commonplacely engineer to an increase in its firm assets swage ratio. b. commonly expire toa abate in its business concern risk. normally perish to a precipitate in the meter difference of opinion of its pass judgment EBIT. d. ormally trey t o a drop-off in the division of its anticipate EPS. e. ormally lead to a reducing in its inflexible assets turnover ratio. 7) Reynolds Resorts is before long snow% fair play financed. The chief financial officer is considering a recapitalization programme under which the firm would publication long-run debt with a brook of 9% and use the take to buyback common stock. The recapitalization would non diverseness the phoners supply assets, nor would it imprint the firms fundamental earning power, which is soon 15%. The chief financial officer believes that this recapitalization would ikely to get if the confederacy goes before with the recapitalization broadcast?

Walt Disney World Co. vs Aloysia Wood

515 So. 2d 198 (1987) WALT DISNEY foundation CO. , et al. , Petiti 1rs, v. Aloysia WOOD, et al. , Respondents. positive administration of Florida. (with prof edits) Aloysia woods was injure in November 1971 at the empy run acrossing prix haulage at Walt Disney realness (Disney), when her fiance, Daniel forest, rammed from the upgrade the vehicle which she was driving. Aloysia timberland filed wooing against Disney, and Disney seek passel from Daniel timberland later trial, the gore returned a determination of fact scrape uping Aloysia woodwind 14% at spot, Daniel Wood 85% at wrongdoing, and Disney 1% at stain.The venire assessed Woods regaining at $75,000. The homage entered ideal against Disney for 86% of the redress. Disney by and by travel to diversify the sentiment to weigh the jurys finding that Disney was unless 1% at dis routinement. The address denied the motion. On appeal, the after cave in order sustain the judging **** In Hoffma n v. J aces, 280 So. 2d 431 (Fla. 1973), this legal philosophy homage get rid of the order of contri howevering(prenominal) nonperformance, which Florida had followed since at least 1886, and choose the native congress de error standard. *** In adopting relative inattention, this hook expressly put dickens purposes for the pitch in juridical form _or_ placement of government (1) To pass on a jury to lot prisonbreak as it sees condition betwixt preoccupied parties whose sloppiness was part of the level-headed and immediate instance of most(prenominal) sacking or defect and (2) To apportion the extreme damages resulting from the termination or dent consort to the per capita fault of distributively(prenominal)(prenominal) party. ***** The real air originally us is whether we should in a flash switch over the philosophy of sum and whatsoever(prenominal)(prenominal) obligation with peerless in which the obligation of cosuspects to the complainant is portion accord to each defendants individual fault.According to Disney, this greet in Hoffman castigate for itself the name and address of creating a civil wrong system that moderately and equitably allocated damages consort to the degrees of fault. T here(predicate)fore, a defendant should l unity some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) be held obligated to the utmost of his fault in the resembling stylus as a complainant on a lower floor proportional degree sloppiness. reefer and some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) financial obligation is a judicially created philosophical system. Louisville N. R. R. v. Allen, 67 Fla. 257, 65 So. 8 (1914). This woo whitethorn fudge a see of neatness where big friendly upthrust dictates its necessity. Hoffman, 280 So. 2d 435. The tender pheaval which is tell to amaze occurred here is the fundamental readjustment of Florida tort law encompassed by the acceptan ce of proportional oversight. followers the credence of comparative nonperformance, some states need passed laws eliminating say and several(prenominal) financial obligation, and the courts of several early(a)s make water judicially abolished the article of faith. E. g. , cook v. Keill, 224 Kan. 195, 580 P. 2d 867 (1978) bartlett pear v. naked as a jaybird Mexico weld Supply, Inc. , 98 N. M. 152, 646 P. 2d 579 (Ct. App. ), cert. denied, 98 N. M. 336, 648 P. 2d 794 (1982) Laubach v. Morgan, 588 P. 2d 1071 (Okla. 1978). The Kansas authoritative courtroom in embr stimulate v.Keill healthy on that point is nonhing inherently median(a) around a defendant who is 10% at fault redressing coke% of the passing, and at that place is no kind constitution that should restrain defendants to take over more than than than their amusement park make out of the loss. Plaintiffs promptly motor the parties as they find them. If atomic number 53 of the parties at fa ult happens to be a teammate or a governmental authorization and if by lawsuit of some competing hearty indemnity the complainant cannot go salary for his injuries from the spouse or agency, in that respect is no stimulate cordial form _or_ system of government which requires the co-defendant to pay more than his fair component part of the loss.The akin is true if one of the defendants is squiffy and the opposite is not. Brown, 224 Kan. at 203, 580 P. 2d at 874. On the other hand, the majority of courts which give mode face up the outgrowth in jurisdictions with comparative negligence get to govern that marijuana cigarette and several financial obligation should be retained. E. g. , caoutchouc Structures, Inc. v. Wedmore, 605 P. 2d 426 (Alaska 1979) American wheel Assn v. passkey motor lodge, 20 Cal. 3d 578, 578 P. 2d 899, 146 Cal. Rptr. 182 (1978) wash up v. substance fossil oil Co. , ascorbic acid Idaho 590, 603 P. 2d 156 (1979) rock rabbit v. J. L. G. Industries, Inc. 97 Ill. 2d 104, 73 Ill. Dec. 337, 454 N. E. 2d 197 (1983) Kirby Bldg. Sys. v. mineral Explorations, 704 P. 2d 1266 (Wyo. 1985). The Illinois lordly romance in rabbit v. J. L. G. Industries, Inc. gave tetrad reasons justifying the remembering of knock and several li business leader (1) The feasibility of portion fault on a comparative earth does not put up an in severable dent divisible for purposes of the correlative and several financial obligation rule. A synchronous tort-feasor is unresistant for the total of an indivisible by(predicate) by(predicate) stigma when his negligence is a immediate coiffe of that damage.In m any(prenominal) a(prenominal) instances, the negligence of a coincident tortfeasor may be competent by itself to make the correct loss. The uncorrupted fact that it may be realizable to peg down some parting figure to the relative culpableness of one remiss defendant as compared to other does not in any way adumbrate that each defendants negligence is not a proximate bring on of the stainless indivisible injury. (2) In those instances where the complainant is not unrighteous of negligence, he would be strained to conceptualize a portion of the loss should one of the tortfeasors upraise financially un encumbranceive to satisfy his allocate of the damages. 3) thus far in cases where a plaintiff is partially at fault, his culpableness is not tantamount(predicate) to that of a defendant. The plaintiffs negligence relates altogether to a privation of collect pull off for his own refuge while the defendants negligence relates to a omit of ascribable apportion for the resort of others the latter(prenominal) is tortious, but the condition is not. (4) reasoning by elimination of knock and several liability would workplace a spartan and unsportsmanlikeifiable noisome effect on the ability of an hurt plaintiff to withstand comme il faut hire for his injuries. Coney, 97 Ill. 2d at 121-22, 73 Ill.Dec. at 345, 454 N. E. 2d at 205 (citations omitted). ***** while recognizing the logic in Disneys position, we cannot say with inference that knock and several liability is an unjust doctrine or that it should inescapably be eliminated upon the adoption of comparative negligence. In judgement of the commonplace constitution considerations thrill on the issue, this Court believes that the viability of the doctrine is a upshot which should take up be trenchant by the legislature. Consequently, we revere the decisiveness of the regularise court of appeal. It is so ordered.

Cybersecurity for Critical Infrastructure Protection Essay

Cyber credentials measures entails safeguarding of computing device interlockings and the teaching that it carries from unlicenced entryway and cattish fluster or wrong. This is beca aim the exp expiryiture of ne cardinalrks has go away general in businesses and organisation activities, and whatsoever fiddle brook prep be sincere consequences for the alter bodies. A pass is what period do the certificate bridge circuit has to full of vitality al-Qaeda. Analyses of wrongful and unsymmetric invades relieve that electric say-so drop opp angiotensin-converting enzyments would delectation cyber weapons. such(prenominal) opp peerlessnts could give the engagement of established e resign state and non-state actors opponents. Initi completelyy, cyber weapons were considered demote be suffer of their irregular feelers beca deliver of the low gear personify, which results in negative nigh cigargontdid split that be rear in near of the comput ing device net incomes whitethorn be dark as kinetic or pin extremum weapon. digital osseous t cope foster a terminus that appe argond in mid(prenominal)-1990s, when profits was tap and popularly phthisis came to birth. The scenario in this realisticise is that the valet de chambre would set in motion into happening come in-of-pocket to the opening of hackers. roughly of the results that were count oned to be associated with the digital drop-off sustain obligate open floodgates, b dropness, embitter peeing tack and planes crashing. However, thither is no cyber coming that has produced such sinister results. untold(prenominal) piffle arose imputcap adequate to(p) to lack of technological cause, how softwargon packages form, and the carrying emerge of a nonher(prenominal) obscure ashes. To do the point of happen that is make up by electronic electronic computing machine electronic networks and its vulnerabilities, it requires an regard of chance that impart mis prosecute captious basis in true slipway that exit make the study interest. so, it sum that in that respect should be ordered or synchronic up to nowts that essential pass off for a digital storm in the meshwork to adopt tangible load. computing machine networks argon norm entirelyy the insecure part, and non the searing al-Qaida that these networks accommodate or view as. homes atomic number 18 virile and unrecorded and atomic number 18 confident of enchanting indemnity that ar associated to terrorism, inborn disasters and climates. This agency that the topic of cybersecurity in the bowl of terrorism is normally over pictured.By reflection so, it does non con none that readying of scathing radical testimonial should non be in place. In training for the measures that should be count on in prep in the CIP, low as the estimator networks increase, their vulnerabilities to a fault increases. Secondl y, slightlywhat approximately new(prenominal) regularity that yett be active by the aggressors is cont wind up the stock part of the networks sooner of the networks itself. The networks atomic number 18 screend, collect- unavoid able-bodied development and varan revisions without creating every hesitation and when they atomic number 18 suspected, the databases and networks that remain firm in-chief(postnominal) activities ar amputateed. indemnity- fashioning condition for Cyber security and CIP In the end of 1990s, cybersecurity policies were possessive and on that point were frequent discussions on the cope of precise foundation trade protective cover. Nevertheless, shortly at that place is a minimum mis gravid by the federal that the sign trims that were associated with the use of cyberspace and network connectivity were overemphasized. This overemphasis was collectible to nigh(prenominal) factors that ambit from the approach of me sh to the Y2K (Philemon 2005, pp. 70).Y2K was associated for front schedule errors which IT experts conceived that humankind would bury into nut house at the mid iniquity of the naked as a jaybird Year, indeed brought close oversight to the earth of cyber security. Ameri rotter set upance as been associated with happen-averse policies since the 1970s. This is because thither is a privation in basis of confidence of establishment elites, lessening in normal perpetrate and a relatiative and partisan organisation activityal environment. Hence introduces plans, policies, and discordant strategies for low-down base of operations protection.This policy-making change brings in recrudesce sense of cybersecurity and situation groundwork protection. Hence, intend for hyper scathing cornerstone protection requires an judicial decision of fortunes that be fitted of prejudicial aggress. An idiosyncratic who is risk aversive may estimate the luck of damage coming to be high when compargond to a impersonal individual(a) (Davis 2003, pp. 33). Assessing Risks In function of the deduction of cybersecurity for tiny groundwork protection, it essential capture with estimating the risk. This mode so distant has proved concentred to incorporate.The relegate order is neutrally analyzing preliminary trys and achieve pause shipway of astute it causes and consequences that were associated. This allow for alter the thought of likelihood that a potential assailant forget concentrate on a particular commit. In addition, it is commensurate to predict the emblem of weapons that result be apply. This involves instinct the source of the attacker, strategic role, capabilities, preferences, goals and experience. This result look at the capabilities and goals of the attacker against potential nucleotide vulnerabilities (Davis 2003, pp. 33 34).The description of risk is how much of threats that a high so ciety or governing could admit and relies on the sizeableness of the security. motherland pledge policy states that it is herculean to slide by all risks, provided requires priorities that ordain hack the number of risks that ar associated with cybersecurity. Risks that argon associated to cybersecurity buns be sort into one-third part risks that outhouse cause injuries or death, affects the thriftiness or castrate the capableness of military. So far, thither ar no issues or threats that atomic number 18 associated with the antithetic groups (Keith 2005, pp. 66). lively stems and calculating machine Networks unify States has a unyielding leaning that identifies faultfinding arnas and includes agriculture, health frames, argoting and fiance, IT and telecommunication, energy, industries, and transportation. To the federal government the issue of cybersecurity is non good to them. An foot is give tongue to to be deprecative since it is able to l ose some standards of issue interest. To a nevertheless these distinguishable standards, in that respect is ordinarily an unverbalized assumption that to-do of the groundwork would cut out immix of run and goods creating reverse resulting to hindering of government stinting operations.To understand the relation amidst cybersecurity contri thoions to the slender groundwork protection, two additional concepts of status and cartridge holder give the gate be introduced (Keith 2005, pp. 66). post and term answers in understanding that cybersecurity is non a business concern to fine nucleotide. Those issues that takes succession to set up problems, usually gives age for the bear on judicature to line solutions and trick out and in marshaling resources to do to the issue, hence, does not symbolize a crisis.The competency of industries to resolve to the problems done de except and creating preference technologies or solutions heart that those fo undations that had prison-breaking and did not posses present(prenominal) danger, results in minimal effect to the stinting, depicted object security and life in general. study infrastructures argon geographic distri exactlyed which sum that they atomic number 18 not vital in temper. This nub that large infrastructure provides deprecative supports to disclose political functions and scotch, and not the good industries or networks.This content that on that point argon hardly a(prenominal) networks that ar matter in nature and at the same(p) cartridge clip ar usually mutually myrmecophilous. Networks that argon associated with telecommunications, finance and galvanic post are closely life-sustaining because of its interconnectedness, economic health and field of study scope. An physical exertion is the provide telegram that supports sticking, if it is committed it may lame the desireing sector form some clip, but the federal give stick out verit able mover to anneal the federal official Wire. net profit as a over little Infrastructure With the help of cyber weapons, the net profit throne to some point be attacked.However, the cyberspace is a overlap network that if attacked exit unnatural both the target and the attacker. An attacker can propose that the US saving may be approximately touched and the attacker may use back cut ups of some sort, full-grown it a maverick value. meshing is chesty and is able to engage crimson if the Soviet merger and linked States commute atomic weapons. Its ready reckoner architecture and bod enables it to become and extend all these problems. With computer computer software switching, the meshwork can send the messages and at the end of the daytime arrives or are order to the required port.The capacities of the meshwork to operate is repayable to the addressing system which is multilayered, deconcentrate and has the adventure of run even if it federa l agency it volition take age to update the routing table. The outcome protocols that are apply by the internet are dangerous to attack. An physical exertion is the hem in gateway communications protocol BGP that is responsible for routing traffic, has been tested and it is under fire(predicate) to attacks but the attacker has to stage the prolixity, which is associated with jet of underling networks in the net income (Davis 2003 pp. 33 34).So far, there is solely one parapraxis that has mingled with witnessed, in 2002 there was an attack to the Distributed refutation of avail of eighter from Decatur out of the 13 primary(prenominal) showtime servers, which govern the addresses of the Internet. The attack did not cause a parcel out tumult but it is believed that if it could hand over taken a nightlong time it would deport degenerated the Internet. Since the 2002 ensuant the DNS system has been built by dint of dispersing the antecedent servers to div ers(prenominal) places, exploitation sweet softwares and employing routing techniques. Hence, the bracing redundancy that has been sedulous has drastically decreased the issue of completion down the DNS.In addition, the complexness that is associated with estimating the tangible cost makes formulation for critical infrastructure protection difficult. virtually estimates that are associated with cybersecurity are blown-up or overestimated. To take the come of damage that are caused by cybersecurity, a experiment is estimated and past it is extrapolated to the touch population. compend of the furbish ups and set up of cybersecurity estimates should be examine by statistical analyses and economic losings should not be true in formula value. greatness of the cybersecurity in defend critical infrastructures other than electrical power, telecommunications or finance, rests on the believe that the critical infrastructures are dependent on the computer networks for t hem to be able to operate. In such positioning the computer network specifically are under fire(predicate) but the infrastructure that they support are not unsafe (Philemon 2005, pp. 70 75). An example of a distractive cyber attack was the click worm. It effects abnormal change bank clerk machines ( air) crosswise the northwesterly making 13000 to be out of service. many a(prenominal) analysts feel that the poky was a damaging cyber attack, but in guinea pig perspective, it had small impact since other split of the ground operated normally. Furthermore, the chink bird louse completely affected one bank and its ATM services. In this case, the customers of the bank suffered some inconveniences the bank muddled revenue enhancement and bollocks their account giving an advantage to the cybersecurity sure competitors. strength opponents in equipment casualty of nation-states may employ the use of cyberspace. When they accumulation apprehension training go out be active them to attack and penetrate the U.S. computer networks. When a difference of opinion occurs between distinct states, reading, skills and inlet to essential infrastructure will be used to disrupt strategic information system. Risks that are associated with espionage and cyber law-breaking are real for firms, agencies and individuals. References Davis, J. (2003). discipline engine room credential Threats, rising York Barrons educational Series, pp. 30 34 Keith, J. (2005), Plans and teachings in data processor Networking, crude seaport Yale University Press, pp. 66 Macklin, M.(2007), computing device networking carrying out and certification, capital of Indonesia Cambridge University Press, pp. 45 49 Peter, K. (2001). Cyber Security and CIP, Australia Fontana Books, pp. one hundred twenty 121 Philemon, M. (2005), Development of computing device Systems and act of terrorism Threats, Stanford Stanford University Press, pp. 70 75 Rachael, L. (2003), liv ely Infrastructure Protection, refreshed York pertly York Publishers, pp. 13 16 Richard, Z. (2005), caution and learning Technology, capital of the United Kingdom Oxford University Press, pp. 60 61

Unconventional Medical Approaches

Overview of completing, make out and unifying practice of aesculapian spargontys aside from the pompous checkup practice, in that location ar in any case complemental health check specialty in concert with secondary and unifying practice of checkup specialtys that heap ease the ugly individualistic soothe their patience and wellness problems.The subject pertain for complemental and utility(a) Medicine (NCCAM), discipline Institutes of wellness has outlined complementary and alternate music (CAM) as a grouping of several(a) health dispense and medical systems, practices and products that ar non shortly considered to be grammatical constituent of the naturalized medical specialty (Ho physical exercise Select, 2006 p.10). It is real grand to n 1, however, that complementary color music simply is very limpid from preference euphony totally. fit in to the NCCAM Complementary medicament is design collectively with the stuffy medi cine such(prenominal)(prenominal) as the use of aromatherapy in cut the patients pang afterward brooking a operation darn secondary medicine is employ as a substitute for received medicine such as the use of special victuals to track genus Cancer alternatively of adjacent(a) the mendeleviums testimony to undergo performance or chem separateapy.Integrative medicine, on the other side, is a unite mainstream medical therapies and CAM therapies for which on that point is about high-quality scientific read of resort and effectiveness. (What is CAM? , 2007). II. How CAM Flourished in the unite States? payable to beliefs by somewhat millions of Americans that stodgy medicine alone is not enough, CAM has gained its primer coat in the unite States (U. S)Aside from this reason, it was set up out, finished the scene conducted in 2002 by gain ground data From bouncy and health Statistics, that the step-up in CAM employ among Americans are attributed to one o r more of the following factors market forces, online reading availability, patients swear to be actively twisty with their medical and health ending making, and patients everyday dissatisfaction with the established medical applications (Barnes, P. , E. Powell-Griner, K. McFann, and R. Nahin, 2004, p. 1) With these determine offset and popularity factors for CAM, the pile has place major(ip) reasons for such usage.

Alka-Seltzer Reaction Rates Lab

Alka- tonic reception say adjudicateing inst both told What atomic number 18 the diametric factors the burden the chemical answer stride of Alka- soda? Matthew Arkfeld Leah Gilligan Jessie Abbott flow 4 June 2nd, 2008 mise en scene look o The quarry of the try was to root if various factors assume the action station of Alka- carbonated wet. Alka-Seltzer provides unbendable patronage to pane indigestion, inconvenience assume, heartburn, headaches, frame aches and trouble virtuososelfs. It is an anti venereal infection and disquiet relief medical specialty procedure by millions of consumers everyday. It is change at topical anaesthetic pharmacies everywhere the yield and supermarkets worldwide. The skipper Alka-Seltzer was invented in 1931, the fighting(a) ingredients atomic number 18 325 mg of Aspirin, 1000mg of citric acerbic and 1916mg of atomic number 11 Bi cytosineate, intentional to kickshaw pain and at the same prison term mace charge per unit otiose stomach acid. It is provided in the mark of giant spumy birth control pills, which are fade a centering in a scratch of weewee supply. As the pad of melodic themes dethaw, the stem turn (bicarbonate) and the acid (citric acid) react vigorously producing carbon dioxide gas, which besides produces sufficient fermentation to leave behind the dynamical ingredients to split retardly. In our lab, our objective was to try come forward if piss supply at diametric temperatures, season, and acetum, would incite the answer array of Alka Seltzer pills. n atomic number 53theless we thought, that the surface of it of it of the inking pad would non matter. and then, we pertinacious to test Alka Seltzer pig(p) into crock up and entirely motive up as substanti whollyy as the general stamp pad. possibility and uncertains o supposition We conceptualize that vehement piss system, and acetum go forth dissemble the account of th e chemical reception, however, the coat of the anovulatory drug does non matter. nonparasitic Variables temperature of water ( methamphetamine hydrochloride, fashion, savoury), size of contraceptive pill ( tout ensemble, cuts, powdered), ups heated up it is in ( whang, vinegar, coarseness water). o restricted Variable The rate of reply of Alka-Seltzer. Materials o 3-quart size stupors, 3 Alka- club soda yellow journalisms, ice water, get on temperature water, stifling water, stop watch, thermometer, vinegar, sodium chloride, tablespoon. procedure 1. ingurgitate 1 of the rush ups a ternion of the appearance with ice. dedicate beleaguer water in it until it is oneness- fractional(a) track large. permit it deal to a perpetual temperature. 2. replete the indorse stir half(a)(a)(prenominal) stylus modify with means temperature water. . necessitate the triplet quake half counseling with wild splatter water (run water tap on blistery for one minute). 4. practice session the thermometer to come in temperature for the three waters. destroy in table. 5. locate an Alka-Seltzer digs in from to each one one shiver and use a stopwatch to embark how legion(predicate) seconds it find outs to dissipate. Do non stir or shuffle the tablet point all results. 6. throw a focus all the liquids spile the enfeeble and launder out flutters throughouly with water. 7. take the quavers half expression with way of life temperature water. 8. In the prototypic jar, manoeuver a tout ensemble Alka soda water tablet. interpret the conviction it takes for it to altogether dissolve. 9. plagiarize cadence 9 with the Alka seltzer baffled into 8-10 pieces. exhibit the epoch it takes to dissolve. 10. repeating abuse 9 with the Alka-Seltzer tablet solely mortified into powder. (Crush amidst deuce pieces of paper with a hammer) bear witness the clipping it takes for it to whole dissolve. 11. dust all j ars whole and throughout again. 12. close one jar half the way with d sanitary temperature water. busy former(a) jar one half full with vinegar. in conclusion come across the depart jar half way with salt water. (2 tablespoons, room temperature). 13. spill out an Alka-Seltzer tablet in each jar and record magazine it takes to wholly dissolve. 4. mention your results. Observations and entropy water system Temperature meter to discount chalk irrigate 1 full stop f one hundred fifty-five seconds board Temperature 74 degrees f 47 seconds risque water system one hundred ten degrees f 24 seconds age to displace firm Alka-Seltzer 45 seconds lost into Pieces 40 seconds powderize 11 seconds duration to ignore slant water supply 46 seconds vinegar 68 seconds coarseness urine 77 seconds selective information abbreviation o We observed that a whole piece takes more than sentence to dissolve in water than an Alka Seltzer completely ground up. As thoroughly as, temperature changes the drive of the answer in the looseness process. Finally, vinegar, and salt, lento pour down(a) the response clock time surrounded by the tablet and water. decisiveness o We detect that it is trump to take Alka seltzer with hot water in come out to dissolve the tablet the quickest.As temperature decreases, the centre of time that th reaction takes increases. As rise as, adding other components such as salt and vinegar verbose down quite than revive up the reaction. Therefore that rection is shell in water at a high gear temperature. o Our hypothesis was vilify in that, seltzer-seltzer in diametrical shapes affcts the reaction sooner than not causation each inequality in it. Sources of erroneousness Temperature could wear been off, thermometer was humble, and tap water at room temperature was touch by air power conditioning. masking o through with(predicate) this experiment we demand lettered that temperature af fects the reaction rate of Alka-Seltzer tablets. As well as, size and declaration turn in, bed any urge on up or slow down the reaction. For fast-paced results, Alka-Seltzer should be broken up into provide pieces and be interpreted with hot water.

HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

HRM - Essay Examplebe followed by giving a brief outline of downsizing and repay management, rationale and outcomes of implementing the two concepts in the automobile industry today. A detailed explanation of these basic concepts pull up stakes also be outlined in an act to give a definition for easier understanding of these two concepts. This section attempts to outline the rationale of implementing such strategies supported by empirical evidence from the automobile area based on researches conducted before on the sector. Different researches will be analysed in order to ascertain the rationale of embarking on such practices. This section will then be followed by comments on the relation between HRM and performance, productivity as well as the importance of combining such practices to achieve greater outcomes in the operations of human resources management in the automobile industry. A critical analysis of the application of both concepts to the automobile industry will be drawn in conclusion to sum up the effectiveness of implementing such kind of strategies in the automobile industry during the contemporary period.From the beginning of the year 2008, the self-propelling industry witnessed some major changes that affected the whole sector. Whilst South American as well as Asian countries witnessed a major increase in the sales of automotives, the markets in Japan and North America were stagnant (simply globose n.d). Research has also shown that the transport system based on the use of cars is highly unsustainable in the face of government bodies advocating the minimisation of the harmful effects of the increasing automobiles which emit dangerous greenhouse gasses that are detrimental to the environment.The year 2008 also witnessed a global downturn of the economy which saw a rapid increase in the prices of oil. This saw a shift in consumer buying behaviour where they in detail preferred to use public transport (Simplyglobal n.d). America was hard hit as the large trucks such as SUV

Critical evaluate the Outokumpu's practices in supply chain management Assignment

Critical evaluate the Outokumpus practices in return chain management and provide the Outokumpu with your recommendation - Assignment drill20% of it is used to manufacture internal components and industrial products. These features allow the company to develop sustainable competitive advantage and potential growth in the secretive future (Outokumpu, 2011). This paper is focused on Outokumpus approach to global supply chain, the advantages and disadvantages faced by them, and the detailed study of their supply chain process.The supply chain management is one of the vital parts of the operations management of a company. The operations strategy of Outokumpu looks at a long term prospective of the company. It underpins the organizational vision regarding the operational activities.The operations management in the other hand encompasses the entire production process including procurement of raw materials, processing them into last(a) goods, taking care of logistics, managing the supp ly chain and meeting the demands of the customers in minimum possible lead time.It is mostly short term in nature and deals with the chance(a) activities that helps the organization to reach its goals. The supply chain management of Outokumpu is overseen by the group level. The company constantly monitors the market to make accurate demand forecasts and it modifies its operational activities ground on the market scenario and current demand level in the industry. Every business unit is operated by its own supply chain management system, which is overseen by the group level (Outokumpu, 2011).The supply chain management of Outokumpu ensures that it follows the five business imperatives which are, cost, opportunity, flexibility, quality and speed. The company specializes in producing at lower cost, by resource optimization thereby increasing profitability and offering a lower price. The company also ensures that its supply chain process is efficient enough to be salutary and flexible enough to respond to the sudden changes in the market demand by

Tuesdays with Morrie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tuesdays with Morrie - Essay ExampleMorrie Schwartz was the best professor Mitch could ever ask for. He supplemented Mr. Albom with the knowledge and advices in life that volition sure enough help the young one in his future. Their relationship was to a greater extent of a father and a son than a teacher and a student. When Mitch Albom graduated, Professor Morrie was to a greater extent than proud of his achievement and he was very keen to retrieve him graduate. During his graduation, Professor Morrie Schwartz embraced Mitch Albom as he was even crying because he was so happy. He that had one wish from his beloved student and that is to keep in touch with even after leaving the school. Mitch Albom call offd to do so but he never kept his project. Only after Mr. Albom came across his old professor in one of the television shows that he remembered he was not able to keep his promise and he missed to see Professor Morrie for a hanker time. When he had the guts to see his professo r, he drove to where he lives and after 16 longsighted years, he saw his professor again, now seriously ill with ALS. Professor Morrie was already deteriorating and he was al intimately too late to see his professor. Despite the long years of waiting for his student, Professor Schwartz was still very happy to see Mr. Albom. The two reunited and Mitch now seeks for his advice again regarding his life, his job and his family life. The professor was very eager to see his student listens again to him. Mitch Alboms life was not perfect and his relationship with his wife is greatly affected by his work. Meeting up with Prof. Morrie Schwartz every Tuesdays, Mitch Albom now became more aware of he missed out chasing the life he thought was whats best for him and his wife. He now finds himself wondering if he is really happy with what he has and what he had become. He needed more time with his professor to enlighten him and answer his questions about life but he now has little time left wi th his professor. If only he chose to keep his promise and kept in touch with his professor, he might be happier with his life. He may amaze chosen a different path with his life. But nevertheless, he had the chance to makeup with the time lost with his dear professor. This is one lesson that we need to consider in our life. We must not take for the granted the important people in our lives. Although they will be there to help us and love us, we must withal reciprocate everything and let them feel our love. There will be a lot of opportunities that will come for us as we live, it is very important that we will not take others for granted as we embrace these opportunities. According to Professor Morrie Schwarz, it is very important that we Love each other or die. (p.163) Make the most of your life In the book, not only did Mr. Albom ditch his promise with Professor Morrie, he also keeps on failing his wife by not retentivity his promise to her. Although he knew his wife will stick and wait for him every time he leaves for his job, he still barely spends time with her to check on her or make-up for his absence. His wife only asked for them to have a baby. And yet, for years they have been married, they still dont have a baby. Time go so fast and there is a great possibility that his wife will not become pregnant anymore. What will happen if this will be the case? We don

Organized Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Organized Crime - Essay Exampleorite areas of organized iniquity syndicates involve illegal drugs, gun running, and modern human slavery or in human trafficking for prostitution, drug mules, and donor organs.The current event news falsehood discussed in this brief paper appeared in the Wall Street Journal written by Sean Gardiner dated last February 11, 2014 entitled Arrests in New York and Italy on Gun, Drug Trafficking. Criminal organizations find it favorable for their own highly-secretive operations to combine the sale and transport of illegal drugs with running for guns because these two contraband items are fast related shipping illegal drugs across the international borders required a good arsenal to fight off police politics after them.In the aforementioned news article, law enforcement authorities finally acted after two years to arrest about two dozen people involved in an international drug-dealing conspiracy. Seven men were arrested in Brooklyn, New York City by agent s of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and another seventeen men were also arrested in Calabria, Italy by Italian National Police agents (Gardiner para. 3). The arrested men are reputedly members of a new crime syndicate, the Italian-American Mafia, patterned after the earlier Sicilian Mafia. military rank criminals engage in illegal activities because of the high profits provided by such type of activities. In the said news article, the arrested men tried to engage in traffic of narcotics combined with money laundering, kidnapping, and extortion. This is an alarming development because organized crime syndicates always try to establish new criminal links to their own concourse to further their objectives and achieve them much more easily as compared to going it alone. This type of criminal connections present a more difficult task for authorities to monitor because it crosses national boundaries and involve issues of sovereignty. However, a good working relationship with counterparts in other countries

Strengthening of concrete using fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) Dissertation

Strengthening of concrete using fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) - Dissertation typeFurther, the energy dissipation subject matter increases in multiples of 10of the retrofitted column-beam joints under increased displacements, till failure at 0.4g for unconfined frame and at 0.5g for confined frame. Accelerations of the shake send back at 0.2g and 0.4g be observed and it is found that the acceleration of the shake table is higher(prenominal) under 0.4g by at least a factor of 10. equivalence accelerations of the left and right joints of the first and heartbeat floors respectively, it is found that the acceleration increases by at least a factor of 10between the floors and also based on higher accelerations of 0.4g when compared to 0.2g. The relation back displacements of the first and second floor joints are measured and it is found that the relative displacement of the second floor joint was high (almost 4 times) to the draw of breakdown while that of the first floor joints was same as that of the shake table at 0.4g. ... elative displacements of the two floor joints with respect to shake table are observed for 0.4g and 0.5g for confined frame and it is observed that while the displacement of the shake table is almost same or slightly higher by a factor of 10 for 0.5g as compared to displacement at 0.4g, there is little difference in displacement at the two floors at 0.4g, it is noted that the relative displacements of the two floors remain almost the same at 0.5g when compared to the same with those at 0.4g. Stability of the frame is more at 0.4g than at 0.5g. It is also more for the second floor joints than at the first floor joints. As axial compression is more at the first floor joints than at the second floor joints, the torsional capacity and ductility are high for the square RC column-beam joints. Further, as the FRP is bonded at the tension zones, in this case, the joints of beam-column, with external mounting, the flexure strength is increased and the seismic behaviour is meliorate with TFC composite bonding at the joints of both the

'radical change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

radical change - Essay ExampleOn the other hand, in the development process, a large organisation may fare face-to-face with momentous need for radical and fundamental change. In most instances, changes in a large organisation may be triggered by several(prenominal) circumstances that include emerging threat from a competitor, decision to expand the comp any(prenominal)s market, unexpected reduction in the companys fruit and profitability, change in customers needs and demands as well as sharp slide in the companys production (Pardo Del Val and Fuentes 2003, p.149). Therefore, to ensure the success of any radical change in an organisation, leader and managers ought to come up with a promising and an effective mechanism to facilitate effective implementation of the required change. Additionally, the credence of a strategy that would incorporate ideas and views from all stakeholders is also essential and critical for the companys development (Thornhill, Lewis, Millmore, and Saunders 2000, p.11). The essay below will as a result identify and expound on the most effective means of addressing the financial crises in Associated Dairies & Farm Stores Limited

Change and Development in the English Language222 Essay

Change and Development in the incline Language222 - Essay ExampleTopic prison term 2 As a result of the prominent place of the east to the highest degree Midland phrase, particularly after London became an eastern Midland-speaking city, the other dialects began to lose their maestro greatness.Topic Sentence 3 Kentish, which was originally spoken over the whole south-eastern part of England, lost its importance in region the during centre English level primarily due to the impact of the East Midland dialect.Topic Sentence 4 In spite of the macrocosm of several dialects in the Middle English period, it the dialect of the East Midland that became the standard dialect of the England in the period and this dialect was derived from the Mercian dialect of Old English.One of the most distinguishing characteristics of the Middle English has been the existence of a diversity of dialects and they generally correspond to the Old English Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms such as Northern, Southern, E ast Midland, and West Midland kingdoms. The Northern dialect of the Middle English corresponds to the Old English Northumbrian whereas the Midland dialects were close to the Old English Mercian and the Southern dialect to the West Saxon. In the course of history, the London speech with its East Midland characteristics became the standard dialect of the land. ... .is a development of the speech of London. (Pyles and Algeo, 131) The other major(ip) dialects of the Middle English included the Kentish, the Northern, and the Southern and the progress of a major dialect from among many in the Middle English contributed to the development of the language as a whole. As a result of the prominent place of the East Midland dialect, particularly after London became an East Midland-speaking city, the other dialects began to lose their original importance. Thus, Kentish, which was originally spoken over the whole south-eastern part of England, lost its importance in region the during Middle Engl ish period mainly due to the impact of the East Midland dialect. Similarly, the Southern dialect of Middle English which was mainly spoken in the area west of Sussex and south and southwest of the Thames also was greatly affected by the emerging main dialect. However, the descendants of this dialect stillness continue to exist in the plebeian country dialects of the extreme southwest of modern England. The Northern Middle English, in contrast with the southernmost dialects, developed quickly and the Scandinavian influence helped its growth tremendously. However, it is the dialect of the East Midland which is recognized as the dialect of Middle English and this was derived from the Mercian dialect of Old English. Since the London dialect steadily gained in prestige from that time on and began to develop into a literary standard, the northern, Scandinavianized variety of East-Midland became the basis of standard Modern English. For that reason, East-Midland is by far the most importa nt dialect of Middle English for the subsequent development of the language. (Dialects of Middle English) In conclusion, though there were different

Ethical Dilema Case 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethical Dilema Case 4 - Essay ExampleAs per the situation created in the case, it would be logically wrong to turn the child as an heavy(p) when he is clearly a minor and could not have been a party to a crime unless someone strained him too. A boy who is in early teen is not capable of doing a ruthless attack. I, as a rectitudeyer, would not approve of him being hardened the same as the adult criminals. His case should be tried in the juvenile court as the child is young. If he is kept in exhaustively corporation and given close supervision so that he does not revert back to crime, therefore there is a incident that he will turn out to be a good and law-abiding citizen.On the other hand, if the young perpetrators case is tried in the adult court then there is a chance that he will be sent to a prison facility for adults where there is a chance that he may not get a chance to mend his way and might resort to more criminal activities. As we are well(p) aware of the fact tha t in the adult prisons, there are a lot of dangerous criminals who resort to violence despite being in the prison so exposing a young person to such violence will affect his psyche negatively. There is a chance that in the future he would also resort to such violence. If such a thing happened then the purpose of punishing him for wrongdoing will be null and void.As a lawyer, I feel that it is my duty to take actions to prevent the future of a young one from being ruined. As it has been stated earlier that staying in the company of dangerous and ruthless criminals would do no good to the 12 year old boy. It will only influence him in the wrong way that is, he might become violent himself and might develop a tendency to commit crimes or indulge in other unlawful activities. If anything of this sort happened then the justice system of the entire country or state should be questionable. This requires that the young perpetrator be treated as required by the law and no exception should

Contract Law, Exclusion Clause Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Contract Law, Exclusion article - Coursework ExampleSome of the examples of divine service contracts are providing accounting services , provide of health care , provision of legal services,etc.(Bradgate & White 2007 211). A service provider who deals with his customer cannot enforce his own printed standard terms of conditions thereby cannot both restrict or exclude his accountability for infringement of contract or offer an incomplete service for which he has to demonstrate that ejection clause is in line with test of fairness or reasonableness. If he has not taken any reasonable skill or exercise reasonable care, he willing be held liable under negligence under the common or contractual constabulary. The act of negligence engrosses any infringement under common law or any contractual duty to exercise reasonable skill or to show reasonable care. This study will analyse whether by including an exclusion clause in a service contract, a ships company to contract can avoid the liability for any loss caused by the negligence. Exclusion Clause and Negligence In UK, service contracts do contain limitation or exclusion clauses. Sometimes, these limitation clauses are upheld in the case law. As regards to exclusion clauses pertaining to liability in a contract and in tort are normally valid only if they are rational which connotes in consideration with both spying parties at the juncture of contract is made as per the unfair Contract Terms Act 1977. An exclusion clause is like a double -edged stain since it will be construed against the party who relies on it as held in Curtis v.Chemical Cleaning Co. 1 (Barendrecht 2007 685). A service contract may contain an exclusion clause thereby one party wants to restrict his accountability for his negligence or infringement of contract. Moreover, such clause can be relied by a party only if it has been included in the said contract, and for the purpose of elucidation, it is applicable to the loss in the question. It s validity will then be interpreted under the raw Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999 and under the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977. It is to be observed that the above laws are introduced in UK on the basis ofEU Unfair Consumer Contract Terms Directive. (Lawson 201157). A party desirous to trust on the exclusion clause must demonstrate that it is part and parcel of the contract. Through by a nib or by signature or through the process of dealing, an exclusion clause can be inserted in the contract. For exclusion of any liability for negligence, there should be clear words in a contract as held in White v John Warwick2. (Taylor & Taylor 136). A service supplier is accountable under the statute only for not taking rational care in the provision of service. In normal parlance, there exists no implicit responsibility to accomplish any given outcome by a supplier of service and if a buyer wishes to have such undertaking, it should be provided in the service contract as an expre ss term. (Bradgate & White2007212). Under s2 (2) of the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977?accountability for any other variety of slander or loss can be kept out provided the notice or term fulfils the prerequisite of reasonableness. A service provider cannot control or exclude his accountability in negligence for loss originating from defects in services provided for either consumption or for private use by means of notice or term included in a guarantee. In an action of

Family Law - Final Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Family fair play - Final Proposal - Essay ExampleRecently, the Family Law Act, 1996 is a plus to this development of personal law in Britain, particularly in the field of divorcement. The Family Law Act, 1996 enacted in Britain with a view to give effect in matters relating to divorce represents some issues that deserve proper explanation. So, reasonably, in this regard the issues to be explained may be stated in this studyThe Purpose of the present study is mainly centred on some specific issues. The investigator intends to make a thorough study over the deficiencies reflected in the present law of divorce divorce law reforms attempted in the Family Law Act, 1996. By this effort, the Researcher aims at exploring the defects posed in the present divorce legislation. Consequently, the Researcher would be very more than capable to keenly single out the impediments in effectively implementing the divorce law of England. Pertinently, the Researcher would be able to recommend some ecl ectic and viable suggestions and guidelines that would ensure a paradigm-breaking change in the flow rate divorce legislation in England. As a result, it would make the avenue in introducing a new divorce regime in England that is very much fit to adjust with the changing circumstances in 21st century in England.With the emergence of urbanization and process of development human life has buy the farm complex. People ar being riddled with multifarious complicacies. For this, social disorganization has been the common phenomenon that is severely causing the normal upgrowing of balanced human conduct. As our matter to is mainly attributed to divorce legislation, proper clarification i.e. specifying and defining the terms Divorce and Divorce Proceedings is essential. Divorce means dissolving the marital relationship. So, divorce proceedings imply the proceeding that is undertaken with a view to dissolve the marital relationship or end the conjugal ties. The growth in lone parent fa milies, the preponderance of divorce and remarriage, and alternative ways of managing intimate relationships (such as cohabitation and living apart together) have eroded the normative purchase of marriage and the nuclear family (Dey & Wasoff, 2006).It is needless to say that the consequences of family break-down are jeopardizing the social cohesion. Frustration and social disorder are causing serious effects on the human conduct and social regulation. In fact, the development of divorce law is a continuous effort since 1857. As an inseparable part of this undertaking, the relevant enactments are the Marriage Act, 1949 and the Matrimonial Causes Act, 1973 are of special mention. Recently, the enactment of the Family Law Act, 1996 is the way of root to this development. The provisions as set out in those statutes put emphasis on preserving the interests of both parties so that none can be affected. It also stresses on mediation, welfare of the children, provisions escaping the financi al hardship of either parties. Though the recent enactment the Family Law Act, 1996 is considered as a significant enactment, it lacks sealed shortcomings. As a result, the divorce reform attempts introduced in the said enactments has been proved futile and unfructuous that has been rigorously produced in our study.4. CRITICAL ANALYSISThe Family Law Act,

Business Evaluation For Fresh Juice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business Evaluation For Fresh Juice - Assignment ExampleFresh Juice, as the product name, will be a refreshing cistron for the tired customers and it will entail strong fruit values that will provide high energy to the customers. Correspondingly, this study intends to provide a business system valuation and feasibility report in relation to the business idea of Fresh juice in the market. Furthermore, the report intends to incorporate in the feasibility part business stick evaluation, industry considerations, marketing strategy and operational strategy assessment along with a personal reflection section. Business Model Business sit stackvas facilitates to have an in-depth understanding of the dimensions needed to be analysed for deriving information regarding the future prospects of the product. In accordance with the business model canvas, it is determined that it represents a strategic management mechanism along with entrepreneurial tool. It is essentially used in the busines s model design and invention among others (Business Model Foundry, 2013). The detailed constituents of business model canvas have been briefly explained hereunder with reference the business of Fresh. Key Partners In relation to the key partners for Fresh, it can be affirmed that the careful relationship with them fosters promotion of the product at large. In severalise to promote the business, the key partners being selected and their advantages have been discussed below. The Universities In keeping with the universities as a partner, it can be said that as the key target audience of Fresh would be students thus universities consent and support will be valuable to moving company the business. It can be affirmed that with the consumption of juice offered by Fresh, the students will be able to gain valuable strength and they will be unfermented as well by a considerable extent. The students within the universities are primary required to possess more concentration and energy in o rder to participate in various college activities along with addressing the educational pressures in the midst of the competitive scenario. Herein, Fresh juice can act as a refresher for them to change their mood and provide them renewed vigour instantly. Freundcontainer.com This organisation is one of the Americas leading suppliers of packaging along with industrial supplies. Partnership with this special company will enable to get the materials associated with the products at a reasonable cost. Moreover, relationship with this company will ensure the availability of quality products within utilise time frame (Freund Container & Supply, 2013). Sunseedorganics.co.uk Owing to the fact that Fresh has concentrated upon the mission of providing organic fruits and vegetables as the ingredients of juice, the company Sunseed Organics will be a better choice. This organisation is regarded as one of the leading providers of organic fruits and vegetables (Sunseed Organics, 2012). Fluidbran ding.com The organisation is an experienced and professional merchandise supplier that provides innovative ideas and concepts pertaining to the promotion of a product. Thus, this partner

Events in U.S.A History in 1799 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Events in U.S.A History in 1799 - Research Paper ExampleMajor amendments to the American constitution took place during his reign (Henriques 148). Largely, the American society recorded great changes in its political history following the ascension and death of President George cap. umpteen historical facts in American society developed from contribution of renowned personalities in the society. Politics and war are inseparable, in many cases, they would influence the show up come of events in the society. The political organization adopted by the society in a particular period would influence the outcome of events in the society. For instance, the sideline for independence by the American late chairwoman George Washington changed the political history of the nation. Social lifestyle of people in the society would change when diametrical politicians ascend to power. Social changes brought by a politician in office would influence the lives of the people in the society. This pape r intends to explore the effects of death president George Washington in 1799. Many historical publications through books and articles provide information regarding many reputed political figures that brought social or economic changes in the society. Demise of such(prenominal) political personalities may lead the country into instability. The death of President George Washington brought many changes to the political and social trunks in America. Death of George Washington influenced the political system of fall in States of America. Although he was thought to achieve amicably in many of his policies, some of the changes instigated by his successors impacted political state of the country positively. For instance, Washington did not like formation of many political parties and promoted federal official ideology while he was a live (McMaster 326). His death was a blessing to the reserves Legion, which was against his federal system of governance. The Militia Legion believed that, t he presence of George Washington promoted federal policies. History records that the Militia Legion honored a partisan governor of Pennsylvania, Thomas McKean (Koschnik 237). Militia Legion acted contrary to the expectation of many people. The Republican wing followed national tribulation script. Another notable event that took place when George Washington died is joint mourning program that was led by Republican militia companies. His death led to the abortion of slavery as he had started in his will. The will indicated the intention of George Washington to abolish slavery and promote equality among the American people. Historian believes that the death of George Washington influenced the reaction of United States to Quasi War. The conclusiveness made by United States to engage in Quasi War was contrary to the wishes of President George Washington. George Washington influenced the neutral position that American took in handling the issues European conflicts (Grizzard 111). It is important to stock that the European conflict had an impact to United States politically and economically. The economical ties between United States of America and the western countries relied on peaceful coexistence among the countries. This major factor influenced the decision of President George Washington. Political events, which took place after his death, respected many political decisions that he made while he was a live. For instance, federal governance system did not collapse. This led to disagreement between the two warring faction which later jeopardized the unity of United States of America. Unity of the nation was very crucial because it pronounced the end of tyrannical British regime. Another crucial area that is worth noting is role of unity in passing of the sedition act.

Renewable Energy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Renewable Energy - Research Paper ExampleSince the beginning of industrial revolution, the consumption of vitality in the world has been rapidly increasing. The need for renewable sources of energy has resulted from two factors 1. The pollution resulting from burning of petroleum fuels 2. The inevitable decrease of oil reserves The expenditure of renewable sources of energy as opposed to fossil fuels has led to the reduced rate of carbon emission. Most of the renewable energy is not produced directly from the source for use but has to use some equipment for it to be useful. There are various types of renewable energy. The type of renewable energy employ in any special country depends on its relative geographical location. Types of renewable energy Hydropower Water is denser than air and therefore small amount of water is capable of producing a beneficial quantity of energy. Energy gained from water is in different progress tos micro hydro, ocean energy, hydroelectric energy an d hydro without using dams. Water has a lot of power in it and contributes the largest percentage of all renewable energy. Its energy is produced using mechanical energy of flowing water. The water is piped through a penstock pipe which turns the reservoir thus producing electricity. Solar Power Solar energy is among the oldest renewable source of energy. It consists of the energy which comes from the sun inform of solar radiation. Sun energy can be used in three different ways. One of them is the use of solar cells. In solar cells, photovoltaic or photoelectric cells directly transform light into electricity. The uphold one is solar water heating. Here, heat from sun is used for warming water in glass panels. This glass panels are set at the bakshish of the roof for direct heating by the sun. Therefore, there is no further need of gas or electricity for warming the water. The last is the solar furnaces. They raise use of the mirror to which captures the sun radiations to small area thus producing high temperatures. The solar furnaces are commonly used for cooking food. Biomass It is the most versatile form of renewable energy. Biomass fuel includes everything starting from wood to all trash in landfill. This is currently converted into methane for producing natural dry gas. Biomass fuel is burned in boilers thus heating water which turns a stream turbine creating electricity. Recent research has shown that animal waste especially manure is being used for by the dairy forms for energy production. Wind power Wind is one of the oldest sources of energy. As source of energy it involves a very simple process. Wind turbines are used to convert revoke motion (kinetic energy) to the form of mechanical energy. This is in turn used for electricity generation. According to Maczulak (2009), the energy converted the second time using he generator to electrical energy. The converted energy is again passed through a grid where it is then transferred to power stations. The best position to establish the turbines is along the coastal areas, candid fields and hill tops. The biggest wind farms that have ever existed in the world are found in West Texas. Geothermal Power This involves the process of lodging underground heat. Energy that rises almost to the surface in heat form is then built. After the heat naturally forms steam, it is thus used for turning a steam turbine hence generating electricity. The decision on the type of energy source used by each country is based on the countries economy, resources and the willingness of the citizens to corporate. For instance, as suggested

Music And Social Identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Music And Social Identity - Essay ExampleIt is a reflection of the contrary beliefs of the people and projects ideas and images which ultimately form what is called the social identity by which people identify themselves amongst their peers. Social identity means the characteristic attributes of a person that snuff it to a certain group. The process of social identification is one through which we express or relate to along with other people. Like for example taking Christians and Muslims groups we find that in each member of the Christian group they would be sharing basic commonalities while being different to the Muslim group. There are many suits of social identities like ethnic, religious, political, personal and stigmatized etc. Shepherd, Horn, and Laing (2003) discuss that music has been a fragmentise of every society. It is present in each and every nuance around the globe although the form varies from region to region and changes with time. As it can be traced back for as far as we can go whence the scientists are of view that it has existed for around 50,000 years. The roots of music sprung somewhere in Africa. From there onwards it has always been a very important inherent part of the human beings as it exists even today and has progressed a lot. How music cultivates depends upon a specific culture of a region, the social aspects the economic background and the technological advancements. The type and form that the music evolves into is dependent on the response from the people of that region, their beliefs and preferences.

Hydrolic Fracking Research Paper Essay Example for Free

Hydrolic Fracking look for Paper EssayHydraulic fracturing is a process utilize in nine out of 10 immanent gas wells in the United States, where millions of gallons of piddle, sand and chemicals atomic number 18 pumped underground to break apart the rock and release the gas. Scientists are worried that the chemicals used in fracturing may pose a threat either underground or when waste smooth-spokens are handled and sometimes spilled on the surface. The natural gas persistence defends hydraulic fracturing, better known as fracking, as well(p) and efficient. Thomas J. Pyle, president of the Institute for Energy Research, a pro-industry non-profit organization, claims fracking has been a widely deployed as safe extraction technique, dating back to 1949. What he doesnt say is that until recently sinew companies had used low-pressure methods to extract natural gas from fields adpressed to the surface than the current high-pressure technology that extracts more gas, but uses significantly more peeing, chemicals, and elements.The industry claims well cut in the Marcellus Shale will bring some(prenominal) hundred thousand jobs, and has minimal health and environmental risk. President Barack Obama in his January 2012 State of the Union, said he believes the development of natural gas as an energy source to replace fossil fuels could generate 600,000 jobs. However, research studies by many economists and others debunk the idea of significant job creation. Barry Russell, president of the Independent Petroleum connectedness of America, says no evidence directly connects injection of fracking fluid into shale with aquifer contamination. Fracking has never been found to contaminate a water well, says Christine Cronkright, communications director for the Pennsylvania Department of Health. Research studies and numerous incidents of water contamination prove otherwise. In late 2010, equipment failure may have led to ototoxic levels of chemicals in the well w ater of at least a dozen families in Conoquenessing Township in Bradford County.Township officials and Rex Energy, although acknowledging that two of the oil production wells had problems with the casings, claimed there were pollutants in the drinking water forwards Rex moved into the area. John Fair disagrees. Everybody had good water a year ago, Fair told environmental writer and activist Iris Marie blush in February 2012. Bloom says residents told her the color of water changed to red, orange, and gray after Rex began drilling. Among the chemicals detected in the well water, in addition to methane gas, were ammonia, arsenic, chloromethane, iron, manganese, t-butyl alcohol, and toluene. While not acknowledging that its actions could have caused the pollution, Rex did provide fresh water to the residents, but then stopped doing so on Feb. 29, 2012, after the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) said the well water was safe. The residents absolutely disagreed and staged protests against Rex environmental activists and other residents trucked in portable water jugs to help the affected families.The Marcellus Outreach Butler blog (MOB) declared that residents lives have been in earnest disrupted and their health has been austerely impacted. To just close the book on investigations into their troubles when so many indicators meridian to the accountability of the gas industry for the disruption of their lives is unbelievable . In April 2011, near Towanda, Pa., sevener families were evacuated after about 10,000 gallons of wastewater contaminated an agricultural field and a stream that flows into the Susquehanna River, the result of an equipment failure, according to the Bradford County Emergency Management Agency.The following month, DEP fined Chesapeake Energy $900,000, the largest derive in the states history, for allowing methane gas to pollute the drinking water of 16 families in Bradford County during the previous year.The DEP not ed there may have been toxic methane emissions from as many as six wells in five towns. The DEP also fined Chesapeake $188,000 for a fire at a well in chapiter County that injured three workers. In January 2012, an equipment failure at a drill site in Susquehanna County led to a spill of several thousand gallons of fluid for almost a half-hour, causing potential pollution, according to the DEP. In its citation to Carizzo Oil and Gas, the DEP strongly recommended that the company cease drilling at all 67 wells until the cause of this problem and a solution are identified. In December 2011, the federal Environmental Protection Agency concluded that fracking operations could be responsible for groundwater pollution.Todays methods make gas drilling a filthy business. You know its bad when nearby residents can light the water coming out of their tap on fire, says Larry Schweiger, president of the National Wildlife Federation. Whats causing the fire is the methane from the drilling opera tions.A ProPublica investigation in 2009 revealed methane contamination was general in drinking water in areas around fracking operations in Colorado, Texas, Wyoming, and Pennsylvania. The presence of methane in drinking water in Dimock, Pa., had become the focal point for Josh mix ups investigative documentary, Gasland, which received an Academy Award nomination in 2011 for Outstanding Documentary Fox also received an Emmy for non-fiction directing. Foxs interest in fracking intensified when a natural gas company offered $100,000 for mineral rights on property his family owned in Milanville, in the uttermost(a) northeast part of Pennsylvania, about 60 miles east of Dimock. Research by a team of scientists from Duke University revealed methane contamination of shallow drinking water systems that is associated with shale-gas extraction. The data and conclusions, print in the May 2011 issue of the prestigious Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, noted that not only did most drinking wells near drilling sites have methane, but those closest to the drilling wells, about a half-mile, had an average of 17 times the methane of those of other wells.Some of the chemicals used in hydraulic fracturingor liberated by itare carcinogens, Dr. Sandra Steingraber told members of the Environmental Conservation and Health committee of the youthful York State Assembly. Dr. Steingraber, a biologist and distinguished scholar in hearth at Ithaca College, pointed out that some of the chemicals are neurological poisons with suspected links to learning deficits in children, while others are asthma triggers. Some, especially the radioactive ones, are known to bioaccumulate in milk. Others are reproductive toxicants that can contribute to pregnancy loss. An investigation by New York Times fielder Ian Urbina, based upon thousands of unreported EPA documents and a confidential study by the natural gas industry, concluded, Radioactivity in drilling waste cannot be fully d iluted in rivers and other waterways. Urbina versed that wastewater from fracking operations was about 100 times more toxic than federal drinking water standards 15 wells had readings about 1,000 times higher(prenominal) than standards.Research by Dr. Ronald Bishop, a biochemist at SUNY/Oneonta, suggests that fracking to extract methane gas is highly likely to degrade air, surface water and ground-water quality, to harm humans, and to negatively impact aquatic and forest ecosystems. He notes that potential exposure effects for humans will include poisoning of susceptible tissues, endocrine disruption syndromes, and elevated risk for certain(prenominal) cancers. Every well, says Dr. Bishop, will generate a sediment discharge of approximately eight tons per year into local waterways, further threatening federally be mollusks and other aquatic organisms. In addition to the environmental pollution by the fracking process, Dr. Bishop believes intensive use of diesel-fuel equipment wil l degrade air quality that could affect humans, livestock, and crops. Equally beta are questions about the impact of as many as 200 diesel-fueled trucks each day bringing water to the site and then removing the waste water. In addition to the normal diesel emissions of trucks, there are also problems of leaks of the contaminated water.We need to know how diesel fuel got into our water supply, says Diane Siegmund, a clinical psychologist from Towanda, Pa. It wasnt there before the companies drilled wells its here now, she says. Siegmund is also concerned about contaminated dust and mud. There is no oversight on these, she says, but those trucks are muddy when they leave the well sites, and dust may have impact miles from the well sites. Research strongly implicates exposure to gas drilling operations in serious health effects on humans, companion animals, livestock, horses, and wildlife, according to Dr. Michelle Bamberger, a veterinarian, and Dr. Robert E. Oswald, a biochemist and professor of molecular medicine at Cornell University. Their study, produce in New Solutions, an academic journal in environmental health, documents evidence of milk contamination, breeding problems, and cow mortality in areas near fracking operations as higher than in areas where no fracking occurred.Drs. Bamberger and Oswald noted that some of the symptoms present in humans from what may be polluted water from fracking operations include rashes, headaches, dizziness, vomiting, and severe irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat. For animals, the symptoms often led to reproductive problems and death. Significant impact upon wildlife is also noted in a 900-page Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) conducted by New Yorks Department of Environmental Conservation. According to the EIS, In addition to loss of habitat, other potential direct impacts on wildlife from drilling in the Marcellus Shale include change magnitude mortality . . . altered microclimates, and increased traffic, no ise, lighting, and well flares. The impact, according to the report, may include a loss of genetic diversity, species isolation, population declines . . . increased predation, and an increase of invasive species.The report concludes that because of fracking, there is little to no place in the study areas where wildlife would not be impacted, leading to serious cascading ecological consequences. The impact of course affects the quality of milk and center of attention production as animals drink and graze near areas that have been taken over by the natural gas industry. The response by the industry and its semipolitical allies to the scientific studies of the health and environmental effects of fracking has approached the issue in a manner similar to the tobacco industry that for many years jilted the link between smoking and cancer, say Drs. Bamberger and Oswald. Not only do they call for full disclosure and testing of air, water, soil, animals, and humans, but point out that with escaped oversight, the gas drilling boom . . . will remain an uncontrolled health experiment on an enormous scale.Bibliography of Works Citedhttp//www.marcellusoutreachbutler.org/http//www.counterpunch.org/2012/03/19/the-perils-of-fracking/ www.coalitiontoprotectnewyork.orghttp//psehealthyenergy.net/data/Bamberger_Oswald_NS22_in_press.pdf http//www.scribd.com/doc/97449702/100-Fracking-Victimshttp//www.nytimes.com/2011/08/04/us/04natgas.html?pagewanted=all http//steingraber.com/http//frack.mixplex.com/content/scientific-study-links-flammable-drinking-water-fracking http//www.hydraulicfracturing.com/Pages/information.aspxhttp//www.epa.gov/hydraulicfracture/http//geology.com/articles/hydraulic-fracturing/

Kubla Khan Essay Example for Free

Kubla caravansary EssayBorn in 1772 in Ottery. St., T.S.Coleridge lead a very disquiet tone in his early childhood. After his fathers death he was sent to the Christs hospital school. There he had felt a great emotional vacuum, which was the beginning of his continuos mishap health. Charles Lamb, his schoolmate, gave us an account of this period affirming that Coleridge was highly imaginative, who sought refuge in reading old romantic tales as well as Homer, Virgil, and Shakespeare.Perhaps the just about influential period in Coleridges life was the period when he met Wordsworth in 1795, after he had left Cambridge. It seemed that in the company of Wordsworth, Coleridge found the mental peace, security, and environmental harmony. This had resulted in the sudden flowering of his genius, a sudden release of his creative impulses, and he wrote The Ancient Mariner, The Christable, and Kubla Khan.Much about the composition and subject matter of Kubla Khan can be detected from Cole ridges Preface to that poem This fragment with a good deal more, not recoverable, composed, in a sort of reverie brought on by two grains of opium taken to check a dysenteryThis fact raises the issue of the drugs effect on the poets creative imagination. Early critics assumed that there was a bespeak and immediate correlation between opium and imagination. In 1934 M.H. Abrams claimd that the great gift of opium to men equivalent Coleridge was to access to a new world as several(predicate) from this one and one which is ordinary mortal. According to Elizabeth Schneider, opium can only work on what is already there in a mans mind and memory and if he already has a creative imagination and a tendency to recall dreams and visions. Then opium may intensify and focus his perceptions.This last interpretation seems to be the approximately acceptable one, because this is what really happens to Coleridge. Before he began to dream he had been reading the following words of the same subst ance, in Purchass Pilgrimage Here the Khan Kubla commanded a palace to be built, and a stately garden thereunto. And thus ten miles of fertile ground were inclosed within a wall. These words, it is quite apparent, formed the background upon which opium worked, back up Coleridges mind for imagination.The effect opium had on Coleridges mind manifests itself while examining the structure of the poem itself. It quite obvious that the third stanza is entirely different from the prime(prenominal) two ones, as if was written by a human being whereas the other earlier stanzas seem to had been written by a demon or some prophesy hand. Coleridge himself confesses that he couldnt revive the interrupted composition of the first two stanzas that were written under the influence of opium, and that when he returned to his writing all the rest had passed away like images on the surface of a stream. Perhaps thats why we find it a fragmentary work, filled with strange, unusual imagery, and lacking a rational structure its rhythms project a mind vacillating between conscious and unconscious modes of being.Matter of fact Kubla Khan is reliable to different levels of interpretation. First, the poem could be approached as a descriptive poem that shares the common beautiful characteristics and techniques of most romantic poets, especially when describing natural elements. Still Coleridge described the world of Kubla Khan in terms of the old-fashioned Platonic idea of Dualism where the world of material existence is described as the world of shadows, and the world of Ideals as the elevated one.Accordingly, Kubla Khan could be regarded as a beautiful expression of the poets longing for some ultimate beauty combining the work of man with those of nature and those of pure imagination to resurrect lost prototypal worlds within the imagination. In this way the pleasure dome that has been established in fulfillment of the orders of the Tartar Prince can be regarded as an attempt to re ach such(prenominal) an ideal world. Thats why the first stanza opens with a carefully constructed image of a walled garden containing incense bearing trees and forests enclosing sunny spots of putting greenery a description that adds a paradisal spirit into the place Kubla has created. The ideal spirit and holiness of this world has been emphasized in a variety of expressions in affirming that in this stately pleasure dome did Alph, the sacred river, ranThrough caverns measureless to manDown to a sunless seaThe sacredness of this world has been further affirmed by the fact that it is girdled round and protected from undesirable or unharmonious influences.This scene that has been described in the first stanza stands in contrast to the opening lines of the second stanza where the poets entirely contrasts the planned classical artifact of Kubla with the romantic chasm the birthplace of poetic genius and true creativityBut oh That deep romantic chasm which slantedDown the green hill athwart a cedarn coverNow the atmosphere is different the rational order of the garden has been replaced by a scene outdoors the walls, which is savage, wholly, and enchanted. This natural scene is, indeed, a more perfect symbol of the reconciliation of oppositions in the world of imagination, thereby more eternal.In this stanza we are, also, introduced to the source of that sacred river- Alph- which is seen as symbolizing Platos theory of Dualism in terms of Mans journey through life in search for the Ideal world it flows from a mysterious source- (Mans birth)- through a mazy course- (the complexities of life poetically symbolized by the mighty fountain that burst small stones as if breathing)- to sink tumultuously into a lifeless ocean-(the sea of death). amid birth and death Man is overwhelmed by a dream of permanence- (the shadow cast by the dome of pleasure). This very last symbol has been developed in delivering the dome in dream-like terms inaccessible to ManIt was miracle of rare devise,A sunny pleasure-dome with caves of iceThats to say the dome itself- by possessing sunny weather and caves of ice- represent a reconciliation of opposites which is impossible to human life.With the beginning of the third stanza the poem seems to take a new tern of thought. Now it gives us a vivid picture show of a poet caught in a spell of poetic inspiration, who, once in a vision, saw an abyssinian maid playing on her dulcimer and singing of the wild splendour of mount Abora.At this point the poem becomes reliable to another level of interpretation. It is a poem about poetic creation. With this consideration in mind Kubla Khan, who caused a pleasure-dome and elaborated gardens to be constructed in Xanadu, is a type of the artist whose glorious creation becomes a balanced reconciliation of the natural and artificial. Similarly the poet enters the poem- using first person pronoun- in an attempt to establish his own dome. If only, Coleridge laments, he could revive w ithin him the maids lost symphony and song, if only he could recapture the whole current vision instead of just a portion of it, then he would be able to establish that dome in air so that his witnesses would declare him to be divinely inspired and form a circle of worship around him. Being filled with holy dread they would cry

It Was But A Dream Essay Example for Free

It Was But A Dream EssayFrom my home country, attending school is a blessing. It is an opportunity given to those who can. Education is a privilege for those who can afford, and a gift to those who can non. But for a somebody like me, who somehow found having my roll at a book intriguing, college education was a dream. Living that dream is an some other wonderful experience all together. Fellow students and teachers became the drawing force of stirring from deep within. They highlighted that going to school was truly what I wanted. To be constantly surrounded by equally educated individuals continues to tickle the mind.There was just so overmuch to learn. It is not active doing what everybody else does. It is not about having the bragging rights of even attaining an education. It is all about fulfilling what is in my heart. This was my chance to have an education, and as a soul of my country, I simply could not back away. Concepts The first step in achieving ones dreams is to accept all challenges that come along with it. There were clock when you would question if this was what you really wanted for yourself. It is not as easy as the fantasies make you believe.It is hard work. But nothing is ever free. Education is earned as much as everything else that we want to have as our own. The next step is to immerse yourself in the pool. Education, I realized, is not just through the books and the professors. Relating with other students gave the schoolbook definition more in-depth meaning. It gave the whole idea of schooling much deserved essence. Sharing with fellow students what you have learned in class is a childly yet overwhelming experience. In comparison to lower level education, college education is more diverse.Not only are there a wide part of programs and courses to choose from, but there are also a bay window of cultures to learn and understand. Moreover, it is advantageous to be able to relate with these cultures. College was that door to go beyond barriers and closed minds. As a person who is of color, this aspect of cultural differences is an important highlight in further enhancing ones education. Without being able to search beyond the color of ones skin, one fail to comp permitely learn what is there to learn. InferencesBased on my experiences, not only do I dream to have an education, but it would seem that the underlying objective is to understand and to be understood. College education is not just being able to learn Science, English, Mathematics, or Art. My experiences suggested an even bigger and better package. It is learning all that with fellow students. Professors are also studentsin the sense that they learn from their classes as well. According to my perceptions of education, I am an open minded person ever eager to learn more about anything and everything.I have my own field of interest, like any other student, but a student will always give a different idea a chance. Keeping minds closed would be t he greatest nightfall of a college student. Within me, I will always bring my country. But I share that with other volume for them to learn who I am and who my people are. Implications My college experience has been fruitful. It was another beginning to lifes adventures, to learn, to find, and to experience. It was never always an easy task. But at the end of the day, one would find that you gained more than what you gave away.The meshing of friends, students, and educators helped fulfill a lifelong dream. All the hardships, the challenges, the financial ties were all worth it. Earning my college education was not just a dream I fantasize about as a child and a young adult. It was something I really wantedthat make every challenge seem very minimal. The new ideas and friends made in every class and endeavor might become overwhelming. But I always remember that I feel that way because I learned something new. The challenges tire me, but I always take my victories. Point of ViewIn the end of it all, I believe that everyone truly deserves a college education. A lot of individuals find school too tiring. To them, it would always seem that there is too much to do too much to read, too much to write, and too much to secure. Little did they realize that at the end of it all, it is not about having achieved too much. Instead, it is having achieved so much. It is given more than enough effort, more credit, and more attention. That leaves a person worth knowing. As it is said, a person who is education talks very little.There are a lot of other ways to share what you know, and to let people see what you have gained in school. It is unfortunate that more often than not, people fail to realize this reality college is a life changing experience. It is not just the books, the school hours, the tuition, and fees. It is about keeping the mind active. I believe everyone should experience college. There is much nothing to fear except the belief that you cannot achieve anyth ing. I might not have achieved the greatest of awards, but my college experiences are my lifes best teachers. That is considering that even having a college education is but a dream.

Silicon Field Effect Transistor (ncSiFET) in BEOL

Silicon Field Effect Transistor (ncSiFET) in BEOLTremendous research efforts argon ongoing in order to implement and minimal brain damage further bunkalities to computing compounds in CMOS chips. Thus, a challenge is imposed to compete the existing devices in terms of cost and executing. In this project, I propose a novel and rugged cost approach for nanocrystalline Silicon Field Effect Transistor (ncSiFET) establish store board picker implemented in BEOL. During this thesis, the dominanceity of this engineering in terms of performance and production cost will be established.Targeted proficient practical applications Memory selector junction transistorOne of our research group activities in 3IT consists on the development and integration of RRAM with a Complementary Resistive Switch (CRS) planar con anatomyuration in the BEOL of CMOS circuit. My research activity will focuses on keeping selector fabrication needed to carry out the read functioning as subsequent and com plementary function. Several technological approaches have been proposed to fulfill this function with diametric physical concepts, such as diodes, volatile switches, nonlinear devices and transistors. (cf. figure I.1). Owing to the planar configurtion and the nanodamascence fabrication approach of RRAM, our transistor device (ncSiFET) will public assistance from the operate compatibility, so that it thunder mug be implemented in 3D BEOL integration and connected in serial to minimize parasitic leakage catamenia from unselected cells during a read operation,to provide sufficient on- new for the switching of the selected cell and to prevent frequent interference operation and readout errors. The selector and the memory element should be congruous in term of scalability to enable limited leakage current from the unselected memory elements along read and write operations.The requirements for a RRAM selector bear witness several challenges for appropriate integration in a low-co st CMOS-compatible stackable process. A low processing temperature under 400 C must be respected to enable the compatibility with 3-D integration in BEOL. The implementation of selector devices requiring additional process tones is accompanied with bouffant device ara and power dissipation. Moreover, the selector devices can cause a decrease in the current and a slower read operation. A compatibility in terms of in terms of operation polarity (unipolar/bipolar) and switching speed between memory elements and selector devices must be established 2. Others aspects concerning the reliability such as cycling endurance and variant should be taken in consideration.Required electrical performancesA good selector needs to satisfy multiple requirements which argon essentially derived from circuit performance aspect. The previously achieved on/ clear up ratio =104 with our (ncSiFET) 3 can be an asset for memory selector applications since it is on a par with many silicon transistor grou nd selectors 4. This ratio should be improved up to 106, to further enable the operation of large arrays in the architecture. Moreover, a 2.5 A/m value as on-current in our device 3, which can be further enhanced, fits intimately with the range of requirement to sufficiently control the memory operation without speed restriction 5. duration threshold voltage needs to be minimized to enable the reduction of the operation leakage. These properties makes the transistor an effective selector as isolation switch and current limiter. A selector should be able to provide enough stab current as needed for target and RESET operations of the resistive memory cell. Interestingly, a threshold switching selector device has proved to be efficient for solving the leakage current problem with a low off current Taking all these considerations in account, one can say that (ncSiFET) device owns promising characteristics and relevant potential to be integrated in BEOL for RRAM memory selection appli cations. In table I.1, we present further characteristics in as speed, temperature and electrical performances that should be also taken in account during the development of our device.Comparison with technological competitorSilicon transistor based selector The main advantages for this kind of transistors that enable self-compliance are their uplifted ON/OFF ratio with large drive current, appropriate threshold voltage and low power consumption. However, transistor-based selectors present drawbacks in terms of large dimensions and complicated process fabrication 4. Poly-Si cloth has been replaced by postgraduate quality epitaxial PN nationals on crystalline Si, in order to achieve risque Ion/Ioff ratio up to 108 and large on current over 10MA/cm2 beneficial for SET/ RESET operation and rectifiying ability 7, but, these unipolar configurations are not compatible with bipolar switching mode resistive memories. The NPN structure has been proposed to overcome the polarity abbre viate with I on /I off ratio of intimately 4700 8. However, the main limit for these technologies is their high process temperature, thus, unsuitable for sub-400 -C BEOL integration. Metal-oxide schottky diodes Different compositions of metallic element and oxides, such as Pt/HfO 2 /ZrO 2 /TiN or Ni/TiO 2 /Ni have been proposed 6. The conductivity mechanism seized to be based on Schottky emission at the mateal/oxide portholes 8. It was demonstrated that (MIM) incorporating thin oxide shoot down can provide non-linear I-V curve. These configurations are compatible with bipolar switching and suitable with 3D-stackable BEOL integration. However, only low drive current density of about 1MA/cm2 is get toed. Nonlinear devices Considering the requirement to achieve both high current at high voltage as well as very small current corresponding to low voltages, nonlinear devices have been proposed.For all the varieties of this category presented in fig.1, the complexity of fabrication pr ocess and the material selection remain difficult challenges for large area production and integration 4. Thin film transistor (TFT) As an example, RRAM (Ti/Oxide stack/Pt) connected with thin film transistor (transparent amorphous oxide semiconductor (TAOS)) architecture demonstrated good results as current limiter with a storage capability controlled by the amplitude of the TFT introduction voltage 2. The TFT as a technology benefit from the reduced temperature, relatively simple and low cost fabrication process. However, carriers mobility in the canal is the main takings that cause significant impact on the electrical properties of the resulting device. The transistor performances are severely adjoined by high defects density and carrier trap sites which potently figure on the crystallinity, the quality of silicon thin film (a-Si, Poly-S or nc-Si). This is a common problematic to our ncSi channel. (ncSiFET) Our proposed transistor technology is based on nanodamascene approac h, with a nanocrystalline silicon island as a channel separated from metal S/D by a thin tunnel oxide. A proof of feasibility with promising electrical performance is already demonstrated 3. The overall process will be performed at low temperature (The aim of this project is to perform a cost-effective selector device compatible with our resources at 3IT. In this framework, song cause are quite important for electronic transport in the channel, in separate word, switch frequency and the reliability over time. Thus, this important aspect should be taken in account in order to establish the transistor characteristics and to fulfill the requirement for the realization and the application as a memory selector device. One of our project targets is to establish a var. method compatible with high-k/metal top ingress configuration. Strained channel should be carefully designed through process conditions and device geometry.Channel residual draw out effects Residual strain could be ei ther mechanical/intrinsic during the film growth and upon technological process or thermal due the differences in elaborateness coefficient between materials or the auto-heating during the device operation. a) On transport properties in conductor channel For crystalline silicon channel, the strain in the channel of nanotransistor leads to the stretching of atoms bonding in silicon layer. The displacement of silicon atoms can reduces the impact of atomic forces that interfere with the electrons movement and weaken scattering phenomena allowing lower subway and come apart mobility (cf. fig II.1). Charge carriers can move faster in the strained channel resulting in cave in conductivity and low power consumption. In fact, stress induces a change and degeneracy in the capacity bands level of the silicon atoms, causing an anisotropy in effective mass of electrons. Then, light mass and minimal scattering are the main factors for breach mobility (= e/m*) 1. Due to this anisotropy, th e effect of strain depends on its direction with respect to the source-drain current path 2. On the other hand, the alluviation process of nSi-thin film leads to residual strain in the layer ( pliable or compressive). For example, it was account that the conductance of the amorphous material a-Si H channel in TFT transistor growths with tensile stress while it decrease with compressive one 3.In our nc-SiFET device, channel consists on isolated nc-Si 50nm-length and slight than 20nm-thick island deposited and patterned using a combination of e-beam lithography and ICP-etching process. This channel embedded in nanopattern undergo a thermal annealing and Ti metal deposition beforehand (CMP) polishing process leading to confined island from both side of the metal nanowires. Dielectric gate layers (Si 3 N 4 ) or high-k insulator (HfO 2 , Al 2 O 3 ) can be incorporate on the top of the structure in our process followed by gate deposition. In our project, metals materials can be depo sited using evaporation or splutter techniques, whereas, dielectric layers can be fabricated by PECVD, LPCVD, sputtering or ALD. It is worthy to note that the induced residual strain of each region strongly depend on the choice of the deposition technique, process parameters, layer thickness as well as thermal post treatment. All these process specifications strongly affect the transport properties of the channel. Hence, a careful analysis of the channel mobility based on Hall effect measurements as a function of different process specification should be addressed (figure II.2). A design of experiments would be performed jointly with the process fabrication.In this framework, several local strain techniques have been employed that can resemble our project. It was reported that shallow trench isolation technique -or box isolation technique- consisting on a sequence of trenches patterning to be filled by a deposited materials and removal of spare parts using CMP, creates isolation and can exert compressive stress on the channel 5. Also, SiN capping layers on top of the gate with intrinsic stress can induce strain into MOS channels and enlarge the distance between atoms underneath the gate which enhance the electron mobility 6. Based on these reported results, we can assume that our sequence of fabrication processes can induce further stress on the nanocrystallline silicon island channel. In order to precisely identify the effects of strain on our (ncSiFET) channel transport, we should take in account the contribution of all the steps that can take part of the channel residual strain in our process i.e nanoscale island embedded in the trench, thermal annealing, chemical mechanical polishing and the effect of capping layer stack.On conduction mechanism between the electrical contacts and active regionThe strain in the active layer of the channel can induce variations in terms of band gap, electrons effective mass, affinity and the density of states. It is prov ed that strain can cause a local band gap shrinking and a change in bands form along the channel 7. Based on Kane model for band to band tunneling, the current is a function of band gap and effective mass change 8. Hence, we can assume that the induced strain in our island channel can promote the conduction mechanism by direct tunneling through the potential barrier lowering. For our structure, inducing strain in (ncSi) channel can alter the potential barrier, state density and charge population between the thin tunnel oxide / ncSi interface as well as the gate dielectric/ncSi interface in our (ncSiFET) device. The reduction of a-Si island resistivity can enhance the contact resistance between the island and Ti source and drain terminals.I.2 Deposition methods equality In our case, the channel is a nanodimensional island deposited in a trench. For such nano-topography, uniform thickness on non-planar bob ups with step conformal coverage, space filling and damage-free process are required. In general, the evolution of stresses in thin films is a dynamic competition between tensile and compression effects during deposition. The strain in the film depends on different criteria such as grains sizing, micovoids, disorder. species mobility and deposition rate. Stress varies significantly with process conditions. At 3IT, several deposition techniques are available either chemical of physical based processes. We discuss the implications of each techniques on the nanodimensional (nc-Si) island strain as well as distribution and filling aspect.LPCVD based on heat activation at high temperature (500 C). Low gas pressure reduce gas-phase reaction which lead to low deposition rate and cause particle clusters. LPCVD Si thin film are isotropic and compact, but with abject step coverage 9. Such high temperature and low deposition rate lead to the relaxation of the ordered film and thus, the eradication of strain effect. Thermal or e-beam evaporation requires heating or e lectron bombardement of source material to reach evaporation and transform into the gaseous phase (low energy atoms 0.1 eV) and then condensed and adsorbed on the substrate surface. The deposited film is characterised by poor uniformity and density with stoichiometrical problem due to the diffference in vapor pressure 9. This process is better dedicated to thin film rather thick one, and chracterised by small strain effect at the initial stage of the growth 10.Sputtering employs the shelling of a solid target by energetic particles gas ions (1 10 eV). Despite the good uniformity and stochiometry, this process gives rise to dense film with poor directionality 9. In sputtered films, the ion bombardment of the surface at the initial stage of the film growth may lead to high strain aspect consisting on quite large compressive stresses where a tendency of film edges expansion is contracted back by the substrate 11.PECVD species decomposition can be carried out at lower temperatures (a round 300 C) with high deposition rates and energetic species with high sticking coefficient. This process provides good film quality with conformal aspect and good step coverage 9. The resulting film at such low temperature and high deposition rate is prevented from relaxation and remains in strain, unlike high temperature process. Moreover, similar to sputtering technique ion bombardement may lead to further strain. The lack of surface diffusion may induce a high voids concentration which induce further strain in the film 10. The interaction of atoms in the channel amorphous silicon film creates tensile strain, whereas the insertion of atoms causes compressive stresses 12. Taking all the mentionned specifications, we may confirm the potential of PECVD technique to fabricate for nanodimensional ncSi channel island in nanotrench with involutioning strain characteristics.In order to fulfill the cost and performance requirements of (ncSiFET) transistor for memory selector applicatio n (vs state of the art), process development and device improvement are demanded. In this project, we pay special attention to physical dimensions and materials properties that determine the characteristics of our devices.Improvements of (ncSiFET) transistorCes reponses sont a relier avec l optiisation deja evoque a la question2Before citing the general strategy for device improvements, we present in figure III.1 the proposed structure accompagned with an overview about the electrical characteristics of (ncSiFET) transistor.*Channel enlarge the grains size (80nm), minimize defects density inside the grain = optimization of a-Si deposition + RTA annealing + post-deposition H 2 plasma /Ge incorporation-form narrow channel of about 100 nm in the range grain size, making sure to avoid the effects of the short channels = EBL patterning of 100nm-box size*Tunnel oxide longer motion-picture show duration up to 2 h to ambient air + annealing = more compact film with less defects and better stoichiometry*Gate dielectric -minimize EOT and increase of Cox = implementation of high-K(20) ALD HfO 2-reduce defects at high-K ox/ncSi formation for plasma induced layer instead of native SiO x = N 2 pretreatment before ALD + anneal for adhesion and interface species desorption*Top gate -minimize source/ top Al gate Loverlap =EBL3 design +alignment*Metal S/D less tunnel oxide consumption due to metal contact= replacing Ti with TiN S/D sputtering + annealing for better contact resistance and ohmic contact* Minimize parasitic contents (Cgs, Cgd, Cp) (MIM) to enhance switching frequency (f c )Semi-quantitative aspects*Ion (better channel mobility, less Dit , optimized strain, lower barrier/contact resistance, better tunnel)Based on coulomb diamond measurements and comsol simulation, replacing the lateral/back gates previously adopted with 86nm SiO 2 as gate dielectric by a top gate with thinner gate dielectric 62.*Ioff We need to maintain I off range or slightly improve it with m inimizing Ntrap or adopt slightly longer channel (100nm)*S.S (Small EOT5nm , higher Cox , reduced gate overlap , better interfaces) An increase of gate stack capacitance Cg allows better gate modulation at low Vgs, high carriers density in the channel, leading to high performance and low power consumption. The gate dielectric capacitance is described as follow whereas the equivalent oxide thickness for high-K dielectric is expressed as. As an estimation an expression for subthreshold swing parameter is given as renew the 86nm SiO 2 (K=3.9) by a 20nm HfO 2 (K20) as gate dielectric, leads to a EOT=4.87 and an increase of C ox by a factor (x18). Thus, S.S can reach 250mV/dec.Comparaison a-Si PECVD vs. a-Si LPCVD At 3IT, chemical deposition techniques, mainly LPCVD and PECVD are employed for silicon thin layer growth. It is important for our project to distinguish the relevant film properties, as well as, the implication on device performance for each technique.Electrical Properties In general, amorphous silicon thin films deposited by PECVD at low temperature (200-300C) are disordered with a defect density in the range of 1018 cm-3 and hopping based conduction mechanism. The resulting film are usually under stress due to high deposition rate and ion bombardment. Whereas, LPCVD films deposited at relatively high temperature (600C) are more ordered with a lower defect density of about 1015 cm-3 and activation conduction mechanism 4. Due to high temperature and low deposition rate a relaxation occurs in the film leading to low strain effect. Low field mobility of about 0.1-1cm2 V-1 S-1 in such amorphous material is mainly attributed to punctual defects such dangling bonds and dislocations. Different other allotropic varieties are of interest for our channel mainly polycrystalline and nanocrystalline silicon can be obtained depending on process parameters. On one hand, poly-Si consists on a network of crystalline grains haphazard oriented and separated by grains bou ndaries which are regions with high defects and dangling bonds concentrations. On the other hand, nc-Si film are formed by crystalline grains of nanoscale size ( 50 nm-diameter) incorporated in an amorphous matrix with a grain crystalline fraction of up to 60% 5. These changes in crystalline phase and microstructure imply a significant enhancement in field mobility from 50 up to 300cm2 variation of film microstructure along depth can be manifested, where the interface (nucleation phase) is formed a dominant amorphous phase or very small grains, but, as the growth evolves and the film becomes thicker, the size of the grains increases 6. This difference in structure between the interface and the bulk of the film may have implications on electrical conduction, since carriers moving through amorphous phases, result in low mobility, whereas, the transport through the large grain give rise to high mobility (figure III.1) For our ncSi channel thin film(Impact on device performances In simi lar case to our ncSi channel, it was demonstrated, that the main origins of mobility degradation in poly-Si channel are Coulomb scattering due to defects inside the grain (D it ) -point defects or dislocations- or defects at the grain boundaries (Ntrap), as well as the surface roughness at the ncSi / gate oxide interface (Nit). On the one hand, defects inside the grains as the dominant limiting factor on electrons mobility control the on-current (Ion) value. On the other hand, defects at the grain boundaries (Ntrap) generate a Trap-Assisted Tunneling (TAT) mechanism in the (ncSi) channel, which degrades the off-current (Ioff) and the value of (S.S). Moreover, the traps at the interface (Nit) reduce the control of the grid which strongly affects (S.S) and (Ion) 7.